写作素材整理第1篇BenefitsofadiscussionStudentsreacttocontent,sharechallenges,teacheachother,learnbystatingan下面是小编为大家整理的写作素材整理12篇,供大家参考。
写作素材整理 第1篇
Benefits of a discussion
Students react to content, share challenges, teach each other, learn by stating and understanding, clarify assumptions, experiment, own new skills and
Distance education greatly extends classroom learning
Individualization of learning: Personal responses to forum topics are not limited in time or the Students have the freedom to continue dialogues about the topics that interested them
Encouragement of critical thinking: Effective forum topics are open-endedand designed to encourage students to take a position on To respond to a forum topic requires organized thought and synthesis of concepts introduced in If a student"s views were challenged, he or she typically adds carefully considered reasons to back up previous
Student autonomy: Students have the flexibility to reflect on their thoughts and read the responses of Many students have stated that they routinely discussed the forum topics with friends, family and colleagues outside of class before putting their comments
Increased interaction time: A 45-hour semester places severe limits on the quality of discussions and experiences possible in a Often a course is the only one of its type required in a The instructor isthus under extreme pressure to provide extensive and meaningful In a three-hour class meeting of an average class size, an equal division of time allots only 5 minutes of discussion per Regular forum discussion adds hours of interaction over a
More democratic exchange: In any class of 25-30 students, there will bedominant personalities, and students who may feel intimidated or unmotivated to Therefore discussions, even in small groups, do not allow equal time to all In the online forum, each student has a voice that will be heard by anyone who chooses to read his or her
More time to formulate responses and opinions: Because the forum discussions occur completely online, students have the flexibility to add their input when they are Some choose to answer questions immediately, while others prefer to consider the responses of others Undergraduate students are often much more comfortable discussing topics online after reading the viewpoints of the more experienced Students are encouraged to revisit past topics during the course, as their opinions
Flexibility and convenience: Students set their own schedule for the A forum is available at all times of day or night to accommodate school, work, and family The forum is accessible from any Internet connection via the World Wide Web, allowing students to participate even when they were sick or
Students learn about the content from another
Students experience a professional communication Participantsexperience personal and academic gains as result of their communication with their A goal is for the students to value such professional interchange, and seek it out among their colleagues, and for electronic communication to facilitate the
Students find a content/expertise Some professions tend to be somewhat The forum introduces to others who could serve as resources during the course, and into
托福写作素材摘抄:
Students react to content, share challenges, teach each other, learn by stating and understanding, clarify assumptions, experiment, own new skills and
学生会对内容做出反应, 分享挑战,彼此教导,通过表述和理解学习,澄清假设, 做实验,并且掌握新技能和想法。
extends classroom learning: 延伸课堂学习
Individualization of learning:个性化的学习
have the freedom to continue dialogues about the topics that interested them 可以自由对他们最感兴趣的主题继续对话。
Encouragement of critical thinking: 鼓励批判性思维
open-ended: 开放式的
designed to encourage students to take a position on issues
旨在鼓励学生问题上采取立场
requires organized thought and synthesis of concepts introduced in class:需要组织思考和合成的概念引入类
carefully considered reasons to back up previous comments: 仔细考虑原因来支持先前的评论
have the flexibility to reflect on their thoughts and read the responses of others: 可以灵活地反思自己的想法和看别人的反应
thus under extreme pressure to provide extensive and meaningful learning: 因此在极端的压力下提供广泛的和有意义的学习
dominant personalities: 占主导地位的性格
may feel intimidated or unmotivated to speak: 可能会感到害怕或没有说话的动机
do not allow equal time to all students: 不给学生同样的时间
each student has a voice that will be heard by anyone who chooses to read his or her comments:
每个学生的声音都将被选择读他的评论的人停到
have the flexibility to add their input : 灵活地加入他们的想法
the viewpoints of the more experienced students: 的观点更有经验的学生
set their own schedule: 设定自己的时间表
accommodate school, work, and family demands: 适应学校、工作和家庭的需求
is accessible from any Internet connection via the World Wide Web: 可以从任何网络连接接入万维网
experience personal and academic gains:更有经验的学生的观点
communication with their peers: 与同龄人沟通
value such professional interchange: 很看重这样的专业交流
seek it out among their colleagues: 找出来他们的同事
use electronic communication to facilitate the process：
通过电子通信来促进这个过程
tend to be somewhat isolated:往往是一些孤立的
serve as resources during the course: 在课堂中作为资源
托福写作适用题目：
Some believe that teachers (for students from age 14-18) should focus on lecturing and asking students to take notes during Others believe that teachers should get students involved in discussion and encourage them to exchange ideas in Which way of teaching do you think is more effective for students’ learning?
写作素材整理 第2篇
This debate reminds me of the experience of striving for attending my dreamgraduate After failing the exam for two times, I thought of giving up halfway,however, my father provided me with an ocean of assistance both financially
话题使我联想起我为考研奋斗的经历，两次尝试失败过后，我曾经想过放弃，但是，我的爸爸给我提供了经济和精神方面的巨大的支持。(细节展开)
语料：重视自我情感的自由写作，更加容易文思泉涌，更加容易打动考官，因为我们先感动了自己。
Instead of curling into a ball beneath the table， I ended up mustering up mycourage, learning from my failure and marching courageously towards the
我没有蜷缩成球，藏在桌下， 相反，我最终鼓起勇气， 从失败中学习，为争取下次机会努力前行(作家文采)
语料：curl into a ball beneath the table 蜷缩成球，藏在桌下(比喻用法)
语料：end up doing sth v 最终以 …… 为结局(精彩表达)
语料：muster up one’s courage to do sth 鼓起勇气做 …… (推荐背诵)
语料：march courageously towards ……v 向着 …… 勇敢前行
写作素材整理 第3篇
A close and congenial friend is what every individual aspires
拥有亲密无间的和志同道合的朋友是人人都渴望的。
语料：…… is what every individual aspires after …… 是人人渴望的
语料：congenial friends = like-minded friends n 志同道合的朋友
A day without friendship is like a day without
没有友谊的生活就像是没有阳光的生活。
语料：个性开篇，谈及友谊对于生活的意义。
a trustworthy friend n 值得信赖的朋友
语料：trustworthy = reliable adj 可以信赖的
Those who can go through thick and thin together with you
那些可以和你风雨同舟的人(作家文采)
a shoulder to cry on n
可以提供慰藉的人
语料：该短语是口语用法，比较地道，写作中可使用一次，体现表达的丰富。
a humorous friend = a friend with great sense of humor n 一个幽默的朋友
enjoy wonderful time together = have fun together v 一起享受欢乐时光
写作素材整理 第4篇
【题目】
How do movies or television influence people"s behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your
【范文】 The Influence of Television and Movies
【译文】电视电影对公众的影响
电视和电影无疑会影响人们的行为举止。此外，人们似乎在花越来越多的时间去观看一些视觉娱乐节目，无论是电视、录像带，或是DVD。因此，视觉媒体的影响是不容忽视的。
这些媒体所造成的最明显的影响是，人们在观看之后会被诱使去购买某些产品。现在电视广告非常普遍，即使是电影院，也允许播放广告。另外一个电视及电影会影响人们的方式是，它们能使人们对世界有更广阔的见解或是扭曲的看法，而这取决于人们所观看的是什么样的节目。凡是观看新闻性及教育性节目的人可以学习许多新事物，而主要观看娱乐节目的观众可能就会认为，世界上大多数的人都很有钱，而且长得都很好看，这可能会使他们对自己的生活感到不满意。最后，儿童可能是最容易受影响的观众。他们可能无法分辨真实与虚构，而且可能会试着模仿在电视或电影中所看到的行为。
由于视觉娱乐越来越普遍，所以社会大众必须注意其可能造成的影响。尽管电视及电影兼具娱乐性和知识性，但还是无法取代实际的经验。
【注释】
behave 行为举止visual 视觉的
DVD数码影音光碟(=digital visual disk )
media ()媒体take the place of取代
tell A from B分辨A与B fiction 虚构的事
imitate 模仿 ever-increasing 不断增加的
video 电视影像的 informative 能增进知识的
There is no doubt that watching television and movies can influence the way that people Moreover, it seems that people are spending more and more time watching some sort of visual entertainment, whether it is television, a video tape or a Therefore, the effects of visual media cannot be
One obvious effect of these media is that watching them induces people to buy certain Television advertising is widespread and, nowadays, even movie theaters permit Another way TV and the movies affect people is that they give people either a broader view of the world or a distorted one, depending on what type of program they Those who watch news and educational program can learn many new things while those who watch primarily entertainment shows may come to believe that most people in the world possess great wealth and good It may make them become dissatisfied with their own Finally, perhaps the most susceptible viewers are children, who may be unable to tell fact from fiction and may try to imitate acts that they see on TV or in the
With the ever-increasing popularity of video entertainment, society must pay attention to these Television and movies, while entertaining and informative, cannot take the place of real
写作素材整理 第5篇
一、言简朴实原则
所谓“言简朴实原则”，就是行文不啰嗦，句子应越短越好，如果一个字能说清楚的，就不要用两个字。
例如：At this point in time，we should pull together for our 现在我们应该为我们的目标团结一致。
这句话中“At this point in time”表示“现在”，我们完全可以用now来代替。
In the majority of cases，he likes to ride bike to the 他通常喜欢骑单车到办公室。
很简单的一句话，完全可以写成 He usually likes to ride bike to the
平时我们所说的用词多样化和地道并不是体现在这些时间副词或者是完全可以简化的啰嗦句型上，而是指实用性极强的词如动词和形容词，比如：
Original：Solving trivial problems in the dorm will add your social experience and help you to understand other people"s feelings and learn to be
Revised：
Solving trivial problems in the dorm will enrich your social experience and help you to understand other people"s feelings and learn to be
add，kind表达的含义都比较宽泛。
add可以指数量上的增加，也可以指程度的加强，对于“丰富经验、增加知识”这个意思，用enrich会使表达更准确。
kind从字面意义上讲是“好的、善良的”， 厦门托福 用kind来形容人无法具体地表现出一个人的性格特征到底怎样，原句中是想表达“考虑周到、体贴入微”的特点，要准确表达这个含义应选择considerate。
另外，我们常见的一些累赘用词表现在句意的理解上。
比如：He has had many years of (actual) experience in business。他有多年经商的经验。
actual是多余的，因为experience已经有actual的意味了。
We assembled(together) all the parts for our 我们装好收音机的零件。
assemble本身就有together的意思，因此together是多余的。
二、平等相处原则
“平等相处原则”的意思是行文不出现明显的带歧视或偏见的字眼，包括男女性别，也要避免区别，以示“平等”。
例如：Many businessmen(businesswomen) feel their jobs are very 许多商人觉得工作压力很大。
这句话写 businessmen或是businesswomen都是不妥当的，可以改为 business people或 business executives或business managers就可以包括男女了。
当然，一些带有种族偏见的字眼，甚至有侮辱的味道(insulting words 或 slur)，也要尽量避免使用，以免闹出麻烦。例如：
对黑人不要用 Negro，更不能用Nigger(用 Black 还可以)，礼貌的说法 是Afro-American 或African-American;对白人不要用Honky(这是黑人骂白人的用字)，正确用法是 Caucasian，或 white people;对犹太人不要用 Hymies，应该叫Jewish 或 Jewishpeople;对越南人不要用 Gook，要用 Vietnamese;至于墨西哥人、西班牙人及中、南美洲人，包括 Puerto Rico，正确的用法多是Hispanics 或 Latins，不过据说西班牙人为了维护自己的文化，倒喜欢别人称Spaniard。
写作素材整理 第6篇
advances in technology
科技上的进步
be the key to
是…的关键
cannot do without…
不能没有
check one’s email
查邮件
create a new trend
创造新潮流
do something by hand
手工做某事
electronic appliances
电器
improve the quality of life
提高生活质量
search for information
搜索信息
keep in touch with
保持联系
写作素材整理 第7篇
A humorous friend can never fail to help us to see the sunny side, especiallywhen we feel frustrated and
幽默的朋友可以帮助我们看到积极的一面，尤其是当我们感到沮丧和挫败的时候。
语料：never fail to = always adv 一直……
点评：第一人称写法更加有说服力
A humorous friend can, to large extent, help us remain cheerful in time
富有幽默感的朋友，可以在很大程度上帮助我们在逆境中保持乐观情绪。
语料：remain cheerful = see the sunny side = be optimistic about …… v 保持乐观
Opting for friends who are willing to give unselfish help outshines choosingfriends with whom we can feel the sense of
选择愿意慷慨相助的朋友胜过了选择可以给让我们带来幽默的朋友.
语料：核心观点句：主题句亮剑或者尾段总结作家立场。
托福写作热门话题高分词汇句式汇总整理 友谊FRIENDSHIP素材分享相关
写作素材整理 第8篇
托福写作素材:领导特质
What are some important qualities of a good supervisor (boss)? Use specific details and examples to explain why these qualities are
托福独立写作范文：
The qualities of a good supervisor are too numerous to It also depends on the Supervisors who work in an academic situation may have different qualities from those who work in a business Generally speaking, however, all good supervisors must have the qualities of effective communication, fair treatment, and role
First, a good supervisor communicates A supervisor gives instructions and directions to his or her supervisees as to what work to do and how to do Then instructions and directions must be clearly communicated so that they can be If they are not clearly formulated and explained, the supervisees may feel at a loss at why they have to do something and how to do (I know of somebody who gets angry easily when his employees fail to follow his However, he often gives vague instructions and is unwilling to clarify his requirements, which makes it difficult for his supervisees to follow his ) Thus, a good supervisor is effective in communicating his or her instructions and is willing to clarify things for his or her
Second, a good supervisor shows fair treatment of The supervisor treats all his or her employees with equal respect and shows no Otherwise, some employees may have a sense of unfairness and demonstrate performance less than Even though the supervisor may have or develop some personal feelings about or personal relationship with an employee, he or she does not let such feelings or relationship affect his or her judgment and treatment of the Instead, the supervisor evaluates each employee’s performance against the same set of criteria and rewards or punishes each employee on the basis of objective
Finally, a good supervisor sets an example for In other words, a good supervisor sets the standards for his or her employees by his or her own Well goes an English proverb, “Example is better than ” A good supervisor must do what he or she requires the subordinates to For example, if the supervisor works hard, it is likely that his or her employees will work diligently as Likewise, if the supervisor always gets work done on time, the employees must feel pressured to finish work on time, Therefore, a good supervisor acts professionally if he or she expects the supervisees to act in a professional
In short, the main qualities of a good supervisor are effective communication, fair treatment, and role Most supervisors have effective communication skills but sometimes forget fair treatment of employees or fail to set an example for Good supervisors should check themselves, every once in a while, to make sure that they are practicing these
写作素材整理 第9篇
20XX年托福写作真题题目：
Key Factors of Success
托福写作题目解析：
托福独立写作中，抽象词之成功这类话题在考试中出现较为高频，其中16年考过的此类题目如下：
(成功：多面手和单一技能)20XX0703
People who acquire more than one skill are more likely to become successful than people who just focus on one
(成功：接受新的想法)20XX0618
People should be open to new ideas and change their minds to be
此类题目令宝宝们较为头疼，不知从何说起。但是宝宝们记住一句老话，“三分能耐，六分运气，一分贵人扶持”，这点明了成功的几大要素，所以波波建议大家可以从以下两个角度来思考个人能力的提升人脉关系的建立。
托福写作参考素材
Skill
The first success factors that you can use to achieve the best life possible is simply Malcolm Gladwell in his book Outliers: The Story of Success cites famous examples such as the Beatles and Bill Gates who spent at least 10,000 hours on their specific craft before achieving expert Devoting more time to a specific area will increase the proficiency in field of Your level of ability in your field will determine the quality and quantity of your The better you get at what you do, the easier it is for you to start moving forward to get a particular level of As you increase your skill, through study and experience, you get better and better at doing the small things that increase the speed and predictability of your
Contacts
The third success factor for moving forward and achieving the best life is by developing an ever-widening circle of You will find that every major change in your life is accompanied by a person or persons who either opens or closes doors for The possibility of the best life for you will be determined by the number of people who know you and like you and who are willing to help In order to broaden your network of contacts, you must network continually, at every There seems to be a direct relationship between the number of people you know and how successful you
写作素材整理 第10篇
key something into a computer
把…输入电脑
make a long-distance call
打长途电话
make progress 取得进步
provide someone with something
给某人提供某物
shorten the distance
缩短距离
shut down a computer
关闭电脑
surf the Internet
上网(在网上冲浪)
take steps to do
按照步骤做某事
prevent diseases
预防疾病
find answers to our questions
找到我们问题的答案
写作素材整理 第11篇
to reality
实现
steal people’s attention away
转移人们的注意
face-to-face communication
面对面的沟通
with the help of ….
在的帮助下
make full use of …
充分利用
be based on
基于
require someone to do something
需要某人做某事
there is no need to do …
没必要做某事
carry out a research
实施一项研究
be aware of …
意识到
写作素材整理 第12篇
如何适当的在托福写作中添加例子?在备考托福写作的过程中，不少拿不到写作高分的中国学生遇到的问题不是看不懂题目，也不是想不到理由，甚至也不是写不到300字(有学生写了470字，却只得了fair)，因为不会论证。论证也就是我们常说的举例子，那么如何在托福写作中运用例子，这也是一个技巧。新东方网托福频道和大家分享一下托福写作中如何巧妙地塞些例子。
“不会论证”这四个字几乎就是托福写作的死穴。ETS的考官们在OG中反复强调fully developed的重要性，说的也就是这个理儿。论证的主要方法有直接论证、举例子、引用他人观点和数据等等。在这里，最适合中国学生操作，也是最容易得高分的就是举例子了。
然而，举例子这个方法向来不为中国学生所重视。因为对于大多数学生来说，举例子实在是太容易不过了，只要写上for example之类的提示词，再写上人尽皆知的诸如Einstein， Newton之类的例子就万事大吉了。而事实上，这样的例子考官早已经看过成百上千遍了，怎么可能再给高分呢?
因此，要想举出高分的例子，最好是写两种例子：
1)美国人所熟知的历史、文化的例子，但一定要有一些新意，不是讲烂了的Galileo， Mother Teresa之流
2)讲自己身边的故事。
若是考生能够选用第一种例子，用得恰当的话自然能让考官眼前为之一亮。例如在讨论媒体对人们的影响时，选用美国人所熟知的脱口秀女王Oprah Winfrey作为例子。或是在讨论学生是否都应该学习历史的时候，选用美国历史上知名的总统，如Thomas Jefferson， Herbert Hoover等进行论证都非常好。这样做既进行了有效论证，又不落入俗套。然而，举这类例子对于考生考前的积累要求比较高。如果距离考试还有三个月或以上的时间，我建议考生可以在考前多准备一些类似的人物或事件的例子，以备考试之用。
对于大多数备考时间比较紧的考生来说，花大量的时间去准备第一种例子显得有些不太划算。因此，性价比比较高的第二种例子更适合于备考时间比较短的考生。托福考试仅仅是语言能力考试，只要能用恰当的例子论述清楚问题就可以，因此用自己或身边人的例子对于考官来说也有很大的说服力。
有的考生仍然会问，那我身边没有那么多的例子可以用怎么办?这个时候，对待ETS的考官就不能这么"死心眼"了，就要学会"编例子"。但是"编例子"也要有技巧，也要让考官信服，绝非信口胡编。在这里介绍三个小技巧，帮助你把例子编得更生动。
1) 加上姓名、时间、地点等
很多中国学生在写例子的时候会使用"比如说有一个人……"这样的表达。这样的表达看起来底气不足，且中式思维严重，很难受到考官青睐。考生完全可以改用另外的表达"我有一个朋友叫Jason，他在两年前做了_事……"这样写就看起来舒服多了。在叙述个人类例子的时候，尽量使用具体的人名、地名和时间。这样能使你的例子看上去更丰满、富有细节，也更像真实的事件，有说服力。
2) 与论点结合，写出_之前和_之后的变化
需要特别注意的是，例子一定是为论证服务的，绝不能脱离主题举例子。有的考生非常心醉于自己编出来的故事，但是却忘了自己在写托福作文，这个故事并不能证明你的观点，那这样的文章得不到高分一点也不奇怪。
这里的_指的是论点中的主题词。例如在写机经中的一个题目：公共交通是否应该免费时，有一个分论点是公共交通免费以后，私家车会减少，这样尾气排放得少了，环境也就变好了。这里的主题词就是私家车的数量，例子就可以写成N年前私家车很少，环境很好，然后私家车变多以后，环境就变差了。例子可写成：10 years ago， in my childhood memory， the city which I live in now is one of the most beautiful cities I have ever The blue sky and the clean water were quite impressive to However， 3 years ago， when I came back to this city again， I was astonished by those The city developed rapidly during those There are far more private cars than years ago on the road every On average， every household has one or two The city may be described as "developed" now，while the sky here is never as clear as
这个例子当中所用的词汇、句型基本都是中学所学过的。但是其中用到了我们刚才所谈的第一个技巧，加上了时间细节，也用到了第二个技巧，扣紧了主题，说明了有私家车变多之前和之后的变化。这个例子看上去文采平实，但却符合托福考试的评分规范，单就这个例子而言，就是可以得到4~5分的高分的(满分5分)。
3) 写完例子以后，一定要再结合论点论证说理
这一点不难理解，却是很多考生所忽视的。再强调一遍，例子的存在是为了更好地论证论点，因此在写完例子以后，需要再加上至少1~2句话重申一下你的论点。例如上文中出现的例子，写完之后，还应再加上If the amount of the cars can be reduced， I believe it will further improve the environment here， and be beneficial to all the citizens here as And The free payment of public transportation will make this come 这样就是一个完整的论述段了。